A Ph.D. is a research doctorate and an M.Phil. (Master of Philosophy) a postgraduate research master's, an intermediate step to a master's or a Ph.D. An M.Phil. is 1–2 years with research and dissertation but less cumbersome than a Ph.D. A Ph.D. consists of original research, full thesis, publication, and viva (oral). Whereas M.Phil. can be a pathway to Ph.D., but also direct admission into Ph.D. is offered by some colleges following completion of master's degree. Ph.D. is highly coveted and offers higher career opportunities in research and teaching.